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Our current mobility paradigm increasingly faces economic, ecological, and social limits in urban areas. The aim of this paper is to analyse if a fleet of shared autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) can meet these challenges while satisfying the current requirements of privately-owned internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Therefore, analytical models have been developed to simulate and investigate the impacts of mobility behaviour in Berlin and Stuttgart (Germany). The collected data were used to calculate the fleet size, the energy consumption, the emission of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and the carbon footprint of different shared AEVs in comparison with privately owned ICEVs. The approach shows that the system of a shared AEV fleet could lower externalities (accident avoidance, traffic jams, free spaces, parking costs and lifetime losses) in cities and generate cost benefits for customers.
This paper describes the modelling, simulation and energy management of a fuel cell hybrid heavy-duty truck. For this purpose, a longitudinal dynamic model of a 26t truck was set up and the load requirement for the drive train was determined based on a driving cycle. To meet this load requirement as efficiently and dynamically as possible three different energy management strategies were implemented, tested and the impact on the overall system was analysed. In addition, the behaviour of the hybrid system with the various energy management strategies with different battery capacity is shown and analysed.
This paper provides an analysis of the trend in autonomous driving traffic and the development of infrastructural support, whereas the requirements on the infrastructural support will be analyzed. Then selected traffic scenes will be implemented in an autonomous driving simulator tool in order to figure out the required parameters to assist the autonomous vehicle from the infrastructure.
Eine Bestandsaufnahme technischer Ausführungsformen von hybriden Antriebssystemen ermöglicht eine Spezifikation von Kosten und Technologietreibern. Diese werden alternativen Antriebssystemen auf Basis Verbrennungsmotor und batterieelektrischem Antrieb gegenübergestellt. Darauf aufbauend erfolgt eine TCO-Bewertung unter Berücksichtigung von zukünftigen Entwicklungstendenzen und Kostenveränderungen als maßgebliche Einflussgrößen. Abschliessend erfolgt eine Prognose der aus Kunden-und Herstellersicht optimalen Lösungsansätze.
Untersucht wird der Stand der Technik zu Micro- und Mildhybridkonzepten auf Basis der 48V-Technologie. Aufbauend auf einer Herstellkostenanalyse für unterschiedliche Einsatzfälle (wahlweise in Nachrüstung oder Erstausstattung)für PKW-Anwendungen erfolgt die Berechnung der Gesamtkosten anhand einer TCO-Methodik. Durch Vergleich mit den am Markt erzielbaren Preisen aus einer Nutzwertanalyse, gelingt abschließend eine Prognose hinsichtlich der Gesamtwirtschaftlichkeit.
Die Studie umfasst eine Gesamtverkehrsanalyse des Stuttgarter Raumes anhand von Quelle-Ziel-Relationen aus den Daten des sog. Mobilitätspanel. In einem weiteren Schritt erfolgt eine mathematische Beschreibung von Verkehrsflüssen im Zusammenhang mit Quelle-Ziel-Relationen, deren Lösung über die Methode der kleinsten Fehlerquadrate numerisch beschrieben wird. Die Analysen dienen einer Prognose der Durchdringung von elektrifizierten Fahrzeugen im öffentlichen Straßenverkehr.
Recently the production of electric cars is increasing worldwide. The main target is to lower the greenhouse gas emissions. Even if an electrified vehicle is locally emission-free the manufacturing of lithium ion batteries are producing significant amounts of CO2. In order to decrease the air pollution governments are considering recycling programs to extend battery life and usage of important raw materials. A new approach to recover LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) particles while saving the chemical and morphological properties using water was presented by Tim Sieber et al. [1]. With the presented study, we are focusing on the analysis of the effects on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the water based recycling process based on a reuse of NMC material in new batteries.
It is possible to reduce the ecological damage of the manufacturing process of Li-Ion battery cells even with little amounts of recovered cathode material that is used for the production of new battery cells. Based on the suggestion that 95% of the NMC cathode material can be recovered by the hydrometallurgical recovery and the reuse of 10% within the production of new batteries a reduction of the GWP by 7% ,can be identified for the cathode materials. For other impact categories such as Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), and Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP), savings of 10%, 11%, and 8 % can be achieved respectively.
The studied water based recycling process can be quoted as environment-friendly and leads to a reduction of all impact categories by a re-use of 10% recovered NMC material. Based on this knowledge an additional recycling on substance level is recommended.