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Background:
Glaucoma, a characteristic type of optic nerve degeneration in the posterior pole of the eye, is a common cause of irreversible vision loss and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. As an optic neuropathy, glaucoma is identified by increasing degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), with consequential vision loss. Current treatments only postpone the development of retinal degeneration, and there are as yet no treatments available for this disability. Recent studies have shown that replacing lost or damaged RGCs with healthy RGCs or RGC precursors, supported by appropriately designed bio-material scaffolds, could facilitate the development and enhancement of connections to ganglion cells and optic nerve axons. The consequence may be an improved retinal regeneration. This technique could also offer the possibility for retinal regeneration in treating other forms of optic nerve ailments through RGC replacement.
Methods:
In this brief review, we describe the innovations and recent developments in retinal regenerative medicine such as retinal organoids and gene therapy which are specific to glaucoma treatment and focus on the selection of appropriate bio-engineering principles, biomaterials and cell therapies that are presently employed in this growing research area.
Results:
Identification of optimal sources of cells, improving cell survival, functional integration upon transplantation, and developing techniques to deliver cells into the retinal space without provoking immune responses are the main challenges in retinal cell replacement therapies.
Conclusion:
The restoration of visual function in glaucoma patients by the RGC replacement therapies requires appropriate protocols and biotechnology methods. Tissue-engineered scaffolds, the generation of retinal organoids, and gene therapy may help to overcome some of the challenges in the generation of clinically safe RGCs.
Tagespflege in Bewegung
(2020)
Interpretable neural networks based on continuous-valued logic and multicriteria decision operators
(2020)
Jugendhilfeplanung
(2020)
Innovation und Qualität
(2020)
Analyse der Wirksamkeit des Harninkontinenzmanagements in einer geriatrischen Rehabilitationsklinik
(2020)
Mobilitätshilfen sind allgegenwärtig und existenziell für Menschen, die aufgrund von Krankheit und Pflegebedürftigkeit in ihren Alltagsbewegungen und -fortbewegungen eingeschränkt sind. Mobilität steht in einem direkten Zusammenhang zur Selbstständig-keit und Selbstbestimmung im Alltag. Für viele pflegebedürftige Menschen sind Mobili-tätshilfen entscheiden dafür, ob sie ihren Alltag (wieder) selbst gestalten können. Dabei müssen sie sich innerhalb und außerhalb von Räumen ganz unterschiedlichen Heraus-forderungen stellen. Teilhabe am sozialen, möglicherweise auch am beruflichen Leben wird für viele Betroffene erst dann möglich, wenn die unterschiedlichen Mobilitätshilfen aufeinander und auf die jeweiligen Aktivitäten abgestimmt sind. Für Angehörige und für Pflegefachpersonen stellt sich täglich die Frage, mit welchen Mobilitätshilfen eine siche-re und angemessene Unterstützung möglich ist. Dabei gilt es, die Ausstattung mit Hilfen dem aktuellen Mobilitätsprofil der Betroffenen anzupassen; die Folgen von Über- oder Unterversorgung mit Mobilitätshilfen kann für die Betroffenen gravierende negative Folgen haben!
The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of veneering technique (hand-layering vs. milling) on the fracture resistance of bi-layer implant-supported zirconia-based hybrid-abutment crowns. Mandibular molar copings were anatomically designed and milled. Copings were then veneered by hand-layering (HL) (n = 20) and milling using the Cad-On technique (LD) (n = 20). Crowns were cemented to zirconia hybrid-abutments. Ten samples of each group acted as a control while the remaining ten samples were subjected to fatigue in a chewing simulator. Crowns were loaded between 50 and 100 N for 1.2 million cycles under simultaneous temperature fluctuation between 5 and 55 °C. Crowns were then subjected to static load a to fracture test. Data were statistically analysed using the one-way ANOVA. Randomly selected crowns from each group were observed under scanning electron microscopy to view fractured surfaces. Study results indicate that during fatigue, LD crowns had a 100% survival rate; while HL crowns had a 50% failure rate. Fracture resistance of LD crowns was statistically significantly higher than that of HL crowns at the baseline and after fatigue (p ≤ 0.05). However, fatigue did not cause a statistically significant reduction in fracture resistance in both LD and HL groups (p > 0.05). Copings fractured in the LD crowns only and the fracture path was different in both LD and HL groups. According to the results, it was concluded that milled veneer implant-supported hybrid-abutment crowns exhibit significantly higher fracture resistance, and better withstand clinical masticatory loads in the posterior region compared to the hand-layered technique. Also, fatigue application and artificial aging caused no significant strength reduction in both techniques. Clinical significance: Different veneering techniques and materials (hand-layering or milling) act differently to clinical forces and environment and may be prone to early chipping during service. Therefore, practitioners are urged to consider the appropriate veneering protocol for posterior implant-supported hybrid-abutment restorations.
Zum Beispiel Pflege – Fragen an den arbeitssoziologischen Topos der Subjektivierung von Arbeit
(2020)
Für das autonome Fahren ist es notwendig, Verfahren zu entwickeln, die in der Lage sind, die Position und die Orientierung von Objekten zu ermitteln. Eine große Herausforderung ist die Zuordnung der durch Sensoren erfassten Messpunkten zu Objekten und die notwendige Validierung dieser Daten. In diesem Beitrag wird die Datenassoziation von Messpunkten zu einem Objekt mittels Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) untersucht. Hierbei wird ein Neuronales Netz verwendet, welches die Zuordnung der Messpunkte zu einem bestimmten Objekt übernimmt oder diese als Rauschen deklariert. Es wird untersucht wie sich die Performance von Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-Layern gegenüber Dense-Layern für diesen Einsatz-Zweck verhält. Die verwendeten Daten werden mittels einer 2D-Simulation erzeugt. Der Output des Neuronalen Netzes wird verwendet, um die Trajektorien mehrerer Objekte zu erfassen und deren zukünftige Bewegung durch einen Kalman-Filter vorherzusagen.
Our current mobility paradigm increasingly faces economic, ecological, and social limits in urban areas. The aim of this paper is to analyse if a fleet of shared autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) can meet these challenges while satisfying the current requirements of privately-owned internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Therefore, analytical models have been developed to simulate and investigate the impacts of mobility behaviour in Berlin and Stuttgart (Germany). The collected data were used to calculate the fleet size, the energy consumption, the emission of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and the carbon footprint of different shared AEVs in comparison with privately owned ICEVs. The approach shows that the system of a shared AEV fleet could lower externalities (accident avoidance, traffic jams, free spaces, parking costs and lifetime losses) in cities and generate cost benefits for customers.
Lasst uns nicht alleine!
(2020)
Hintergrund
Die Prävalenz von Mangelernährung im Krankenhaus ist hoch und wird in der Praxis noch häufig unterschätzt. Im Rahmen eines vom BMBF finanzierten Projektes soll diesem Problem mithilfe von Praxiskonzepten mit präventiven und kurativen Maßnahmen für die Zielgruppe geriatrischer Patient*innen begegnet werden.
Methodik
Zur Bestimmung der Ausgangslage hinsichtlich des Ernährungsmanagements und Feststellung der aktuellen Prävalenz von Mangelernährung in zwei Stuttgarter Kliniken wurden im Rahmen des nutritionDays® spezifische Daten erhoben und mit dem Schwerpunkt auf die Zielgruppe ältere Patient*innen ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse
Von 99 eingeschlossenen Patient*innen weisen 39,4% (n=39) ein Risiko für eine Mangelernährung auf, 41 Patient*innen (41,1 %) berichten von einem ungewollten Gewichtsverlust. Der Gewichtsverlust beträgt im Mittel 6,1 kg (SD 3,8) oder 9,7% (SD 5,1) des Körpergewichtes. Nur 19,4% (n=7) der Mangelernährten erhalten eine ernährungsmedizinische Intervention. Es zeigt sich für die Gruppe mit einem hohen Mangelernährungsrisiko ein verlängerter Klinikaufenthalt von 2,1 Tagen (nicht signifikant), ein signifikant geringerer BMI (-4,3 kg/m²; p=0,001), größerer Gewichtsverlust (-12,5% vs. -3,7%; p=0,001) sowie Gewichtsveränderungen in den letzten 5 Jahren (-7,6% vs.+1,2%; p=0,004). Der ungewollte Gewichtsverlust korreliert signifikant mit der Anzahl unterschiedlicher Medikamente (rs=0,397; p=0,029) und einer verringerten Nahrungsaufnahme in der Woche vor Klinikeinweisung (rs=-0,533; p=0,003).
Schlussfolgerung
Die hohe Prävalenz von Mangelernährung unter den älteren Patient*innen bei gleichzeitig ausbleibender Identifikation der Betroffenen führt zu einer unzureichenden Behandlung der Mangelernährung. Diese Defizite lassen sich mithilfe von nutritionDay® Erhebungen deutlich aufzeigen.
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung einer kamerabasierten Verkehrszeichenerkennung für ein autonom fahrendes Fahrzeug.
Dabei wird das neuronale Netz SSD-MobileNet-V1 verwendet, dessen Training ausschließlich mit virtuellen Trainingsdaten erfolgt. Zur Validierung wird ein autonom fahrendes Modellfahrzeug verwendet. Um die Verkehrszeichenerkennung auf dem Modellfahrzeug integrieren zu können, wird sie in Form eines ROS-Nodes implementiert, welcher außerdem die notwendige Vorverarbeitung der Kamerabilder sowie die Plausibilisierung der erkannten Verkehrszeichen beinhaltet. Es folgt die Integration der Verkehrszeichenerkennung in das Modellfahrzeug, wo sie auf einem NVIDIA Jetson TX2-Board ausgeführt wird.
Die entwickelte Verkehrszeichenerkennung ist in der Lage, 15 der 17 trainierten Verkehrszeichen zuverlässig zu erkennen und kann auf dem NVIDIA Jetson TX2-Board mit ausreichender Performance ausgeführt werden.
Hot isostatic pressing can be utilized to reduce the anisotropic mechanical properties of Al–Si–Mg alloys fabricated by laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF). The implementation of post processing densification processes can open up new fields of application by meeting high quality requirements defined by aircraft and automotive industries. A gas pressure of 75 MPa during hot isostatic pressing lowers the critical cooling rate required to achieve a supersaturated solid solution. Direct aging uses this pressure related effect during heat treatment in modern hot isostatic presses, which offer advanced cooling capabilities, thereby avoiding the necessity of a separate solution annealing step for Al–Si–Mg cast alloys. Hot isostatic pressing, followed by rapid quenching, was applied to both sand cast as well as laser powder-bed fused Al–Si–Mg aluminum alloys. It was shown that the critical cooling rate required to achieve a supersaturated solid solution is significantly higher for additively manufactured, age-hardenable aluminum alloys than it is for comparable sand cast material. The application of hot isostatic pressing can be combined with heat treatment, consisting of solution annealing, quenching and direct aging, in order to achieve both a dense material with a small number of preferred locations for the initiation of fatigue cracks and a high material strength.
Comparing multidimensional sensor data from vehicle fleets with methods of sequential data mining
(2020)
Laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) has significantly gained in importance and has become one of the major fabrication techniques within metal additive manufacturing. The fast cooling rates achieved in LPBF due to a relatively small melt pool on a much larger component or substrate, acting as heat sink, result in fine-grained microstructures and high oversaturation of alloying elements in the α-aluminum. Al-Si-Mg alloys thus can be effectively precipitation hardened. Moreover, the solidified material undergoes an intrinsic heat treatment, whilst the layers above are irradiated and the elevated temperature in the built chamber starts the clustering process of alloying elements directly after a scan track is fabricated. These silicon-magnesium clusters were observed with atom probe tomography in as-built samples. Similar beneficial clustering behavior at higher temperatures is known from the direct-aging approach in cast samples, whereby the artificial aging is performed immediately after solution annealing and quenching. Transferring this approach to LPBF samples as a possible post-heat treatment revealed that even after direct aging, the outstanding hardness of the as-built condition could, at best, be met, but for most instances it was significantly lower. Our investigations showed that LPBF Al-Si-Mg exhibited a high dependency on the quenching rate, which is significantly more pronounced than in cast reference samples, requiring two to three times higher quenching rate after solution annealing to yield similar hardness results. This suggests that due to the finer microstructure and the shorter diffusion path in Al-Si-Mg fabricated by LPBF, it is more challenging to achieve a metastable oversaturation necessary for precipitation hardening. This may be especially problematic in larger components.
Laser powder bed fusion has become one of the major techniques within metal additive manufacturing, especially when delicate structures and high geometric accuracy are concerned. Lately, the awareness of the material-specific macroscopic anisotropy has risen and led to widespread investigations on the static mechanical strength. However, little is known about the fracture behavior of the layer-wise fabricated metal components and their affinity of crack propagation between consecutive layers, which is particularly important for aluminium–silicon alloys containing embrittled zones in double-irradiated areas. A recent study indicated that there is a significant drop in fracture toughness in case the crack growth direction is parallel to the layering. To investigate this matter further and to shed light on the fracture toughness behavior in the range of a 0°–45° angle offset between the crack growth direction relative to the layering, notched samples with varying polar angles were subjected to mode I fracture toughness testing. Our results indicate that the fracture toughness is an almost-stable characteristic up to a mismatch of about 20° between the crack propagation path and the layering, at which point the fracture toughness decreases by up to 10%.
A number of planetary boundaries, including climate change as a result of greenhouse gas emissions, has already been exceeded. This situation has deleterious consequences for public health. Paradoxically, 4.4% of these emissions are attributable to the healthcare sector. These problems have not been sufficiently acknowledged in health professions curricula. This paper addresses two main issues, humanistic learning and the application of knowledge acquisition to clinical practice. Humanistic learning principles can be used to emphasize learner-centered approaches, including knowledge acquisition and reflection to increase self-awareness. Applying humanistic principles in everyday life and clinical practice can encourage stewardship, assisting students to become agents for change. In terms of knowledge and skills application to clinical practice, an overview of varied and novel approaches of how sustainable education can be integrated at different stages of training across several health care professions is provided. The Health and Environment Adaptive Response Taskforce (HEART) platform as an example of creating empowered learners, the NurSusTOOLKIT, a multi-disciplinary collaboration offering free adaptable educational resources for educators and the Greener Anaesthesia and Sustainability Project (GASP), an example of bridging the transition to clinical practice, are described.
The aim of the current work was to illustrate the effect of the fibre area correction factor on the results of modelling natural fibre-reinforced composites. A mesoscopic approach is adopted to represent the stochastic heterogeneity of the composite, i.e. a meso-structural numerical model was prototyped using the finite element method including quasi-unidirectional discrete fibre elements embedded in a matrix. The model was verified by the experimental results from previous work on jute fibres but is extendable to every natural fibre with cross-sectional non-uniformity. A correction factor was suggested to fine-tune both the analytical and numerical models. Moreover, a model updating technique for considering the size-effect of fibres is introduced and its implementation was automated by means of FORTRAN subroutines and Python scripts. It was shown that correcting and updating the fibre strength is critical to obtain accurate macroscopic response of the composite when discrete modelling of fibres is intended. Based on the current study, it is found that consideration of the effect of flaws on the strength of natural fibres and inclusion of the fibre area correction factor are crucial to obtain realistic results.
Herein, the general constitutive equation of bi-phasic materials equipped with orientation tensor is presented in direct notation. The formulation is refined by some correction factors specific to natural fibre-reinforced composites; then, a planar case is derived. The necessity of local information is emphasised through the introduction of auxiliary maps, which included volume fraction and orientation data. A semi-analytical homogenisation method is introduced through finite element analysis. Auxiliary maps are shown to be a better alternative to the overall orientation of fibres. Global calculations are insensitive to local variations whilst appropriate auxiliary maps offer refined results. Considering the multidisciplinary application of orientation tensors, the proposed scheme can be used in all areas where local information cannot be disregarded.
Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Aufstellung einer Trajektorie für ein autonomes Fahrzeug. Als Basis dient eine Vorarbeit, bei der ein neuronales Netz das Bild einer Frontkamera eines Autos in Fahrspur und Nicht-Fahrspur segmentiert. Darauf aufbauend wird das Bild zunächst in die Vogelperspektive transformiert. Anschließend folgen eine Detektion der Fahrspurkanten sowie ein Clustering-Verfahren, um linke und rechte Kantenabschnitte zu separieren. Weiter wird die Trajektorie diskret in Form von Parametern des Kreisbogenmodells aufgenommen. Die Prädiktion dieser Parameter erfolgt mittels eines Extended Kalman-Filters. Die abschließende Validierung der Algorithmen erfolgt durch eine synthetisch generierte Fahrspur.
Waste
(2020)
Slips and stumbles are main causes of falls and result in serious injuries. Balance training is widely applied for preventing falls across the lifespan. Subdivided into two main intervention types, biomechanical characteristics differ amongst balance interventions tailored to counteract falls: conventional balance training (CBT) referring to a balance task with a static ledger pivoting around the ankle joint versus reactive balance training (RBT) using externally applied perturbations to deteriorate body equilibrium. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of reactive, slip-simulating RBT compared to CBT in regard to fall prevention and to detect neuromuscular and kinematic dependencies. In a randomized controlled trial, 38 participants were randomly allocated either to CBT or RBT. To simulate stumbling scenarios, postural responses were assessed to posterior translations in gait and stance perturbation before and after 4 weeks of training. Surface electromyography during short- (SLR), medium- (MLR), and long-latency response of shank and thigh muscles as well as ankle, knee, and hip joint kinematics (amplitudes and velocities) were recorded. Both training modalities revealed reduced angular velocity in the ankle joint (P < 0.05) accompanied by increased shank muscle activity in SLR (P < 0.05) during marching in place perturbation. During stance perturbation and marching in place perturbation, hip angular velocity was decreased after RBT (P from TTEST, Pt < 0.05) accompanied by enhanced thigh muscle activity (SLR, MLR) after both trainings (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were larger for the RBT-group during stance perturbation. Thus, both interventions revealed modified stabilization strategies for reactive balance recovery after surface translations. Characterized by enhanced reflex activity in the leg muscles antagonizing the surface translations, balance training is associated with improved neuromuscular timing and accuracy being relevant for postural control. This may result in more efficient segmental stabilization during fall risk situations, independent of the intervention modality. More pronounced modulations and higher effect sizes after RBT in stance perturbation point toward specificity of training adaptations, with an emphasis on the proximal body segment for RBT. Outcomes underline the benefits of balance training with a clear distinction between RBT and CBT being relevant for training application over the lifespan.
Development of environment-friendly natural fiber composites has been a recent trend. However, due to the fact that natural fibers permit high level of moisture absorption from the surroundings, it can lead to weak bindings and degradation of composite properties. This paper presents an experimental study on the dynamic performance of flax fiber composite beams manufactured at different relative humidity (RH) levels. Five types of flax fiber-reinforced composite materials were made under different RH values, i.e., dry, 35%, 50%, 70%, and 95% RH, and beam samples were prepared using the composite. Impact hammer testing was conducted to measure the natural frequencies and damping of the beams. It was found that for the first three modes, while the resonant frequencies are very close for most samples, there is a clear drop of frequencies for the composite fabricated at 95% RH. Along with an increase of the RH level, the damping ratios for all the three modes have reported a slight increase, but the variation is not significant.
Plötzlich digital!?
(2020)
Our study is dedicated to a composite, which, in fact, is a mixture of two thermoelastic micropolar bodies. We formulate the mixed initial boundary value problem in this context and define the domain of influence for given data. For any solution of the mixed problem we associate a measure and prove a second-order differential inequality for it. Based on the maximum principle for the heat equation and on the second-order differential inequality, we establish an estimate which proves that the thermal and the mechanical effects, at large distance from the domain of influence, are dominated by an exponential decay.
In our present paper, we approach the mixed problem with initial and boundary conditions, in the context of thermoelasticity without energy dissipation of bodies with a dipolar structure. Our first result is a reciprocal relation for the mixed problem which is reformulated by including the initial data into the field equations. Then, we deduce a generalization of Gurtin’s variational principle, which covers our generalized theory for bodies with a dipolar structure. It is important to emphasize that both results are obtained in a very general context, namely that of anisotropic and inhomogeneous environments, having a center of symmetry at each point.
This study is concerned with the linear elasticity theory for bodies with a dipolar structure. In this context, we approach transient elastic processes and the steady state in a cylinder consisting of such kind of body which is only subjected to some boundary restrictions at a plane end. We will show that at a certain distance d=d(t), which can be calculated, from the loaded plan, the deformation of the body vanishes. For the points of the cylinder located at a distance less than d, we will use an appropriate measure to assess the decreasing of the deformation relative to the distance from the loaded plane end. The fact that the measure, that assess the deformation, decays with respect to the distance at the loaded end is the essence of the principle of Saint-Venant.
In our study, we consider the linear mixed initial boundary value problem for a porous elastic body having a dipolar structure. The equations that describe the elastic dipolar deformations are coupled with the equations which describe the evolution of the voids by means of certain coefficients. Our main result proves the continuous dependence of solutions for the mixed problem with regard to the coefficients which perform this coupling. Using an adequate measure, we can evaluate the continuous dependence by means of some estimate regarding the gradient of deformations and the gradient of the function that describes the evolution of the voids.
Effect of voids in a heat-flux dependent theory for thermoelastic bodies with dipolar structure
(2020)
We consider the mixed initial-boundary value problem in the context of the
Moore-Gibson-Thompson theory of thermoelasticity for dipolar bodies. We consider the case of heat conduction with dissipation. Even if the elasticity tensors
are not supposed to be positively defined, we have proven both, the uniqueness
and the instability of the solution of the mixed problem. In the case that the mass
density and the thermal conductivity tensor are positive, we obtain the uniqueness
of the solution using some Lagrange type identities.
The moisture absorption behavior of flax fiber-reinforced epoxy composites is deliberated to be a serious issue. This property restricts their usage as outdoor engineering structures. Therefore, this study provides an investigation of moisture in flax fibers on the performance of the flax/epoxy composite materials based on their shear responses. The ±45° aligned flax fibers exposed to different relative humidities (RH) and the vacuum infusion process was used to manufacture the composite specimens. The optimum shear strength (40.25 ± 0.75 MPa) was found for the composites manufactured with 35% RH-conditioned flax fibers, but the shear modulus was reduced consistently with increasing RH values. Although shear strength was increased because of fiber swelling with increased moisture absorption rate until 35% RH environments with good microstructures, nonetheless, strength and modulus both started to decrease after this range. A very poor microstructure has been affirmed by the SEM images of the composite samples conditioned at 90% RH environments.
Due to the good mechanical properties, flax fiber-reinforced epoxy composites
are being widely used as a green alternative to glass fiber composites. However,
plant fibers absorb moisture from the environment, being in a higher moisture
uptake as the relative humidity (RH) increases. This absorbed moisture deteriorates the mechanical properties of the composites. In this study, geometric
and displacement potential function (DPF) approaches are used to predict the
mechanical properties of flax fiber-reinforced epoxy composites under environmental conditions, in particular, different RH values. The tensile properties
that were measured experimentally strongly agreed with the analytical findings.
Almost similar results were found for the tensile strain those were measured
experimentally and the one predicted by the geometric function.
However, the predicted strain values were 38% and 42% less than the experimental ones for 0% and 95% RH conditioned composites, respectively, when
DPF was used. Good conformity between the experimental, analytical, and
DPF formulation for predicting mechanical properties ensures the practical
applicability of this study. The formulations established in this work could,
therefore, be utilized to analytically solve laminated composites under specific
boundary conditions in structural applications.
The characteristics and atomic mechanisms (physics) of processes of thermal desorption of deuterium from isotropic graphite at temperatures 700–1700 K are considered.
The methodology of the approximation and interpretation of thermal desorption spectra (TDS) of hydrogen in some carbon nanostructures and graphite has been developed and applied for such materials.
The methodology is based on a definite approximation by the symmetrical Gaussians of the hydrogen thermal desorption spectra, obtained by using one single heating rate, for carbon materials and nanomaterials, and a definite processing of the Gaussians, in the approximation of the first-order reactions and the second-order ones. It results in determining (with a satisfactory accuracy, for the further physical analysis), from TDS data of one single heating rate, the activation energies and pre-exponential factors of the rate constants of desorption processes corresponding to the main TDS peaks with different temperatures of the maximum desorption rate. The developed methodology contains several successive steps of its implementation, including the use of several “criterions of truth” and the final verification and/or modification of the results, with the help of numerical modeling methods. This technique is not less informative, but much less time-consuming in experimental terms compared to the generally accepted classical Kissinger method, which demands using of several heating rates, and has strict limits of applicability. Furthermore, the methodology allows one to reveal physics and atomic mechanisms of the main desorption processes through thermodynamic analysis of the obtained peak characteristics and comparison with the corresponding independent experimental and theoretical data.
The purpose of such a methodology is to further reveal the weakly studied physics of the main states of hydrogen in carbon materials and nanomaterials, and not the thorough detailed mathematical description of the spectra. For this case, both the large difference and the large spread of the known experimental and theoretical values of the thermodynamic characteristics of the main desorption processes, important for hydrogen storage problems, are also taken into account.
untitled document
(2020)
Die Bedeutung der Digitalisierung für Berufliche Bildung und Fachkräftesicherung in der Pflege
(2020)
Die Perspektive wechseln
(2020)
Mithilfe des Konzepts der gesundheitlichen Versorgungsplanung – auch als Advance Care Planning (ACP) oder „Behandlung im Voraus planen“ (BVP) bekannt – sollen Behandlungsziele fest gelegt werden, und zwar für den Fall, dass der Betroffene seinen Willen nicht äußern kann. Neben der individuellen Gesprächsbegleitung spielen in diesem Zusammenhang auch Fall- besprechungen eine wichtige Rolle. Diese sind zwar gesetzlich vorgesehen, jedoch fehlt bislang eine einheitliche Struktur, an der sich Fachkräfte in der Praxis orientieren können.
Optimized production strategy of the major capsid protein HPV 16L1 non-assembly variant in E. coli
(2020)
Drug-induced liver toxicity is one of the most common reasons for the failure of drugs in clinical trials and frequent withdrawal from the market. Reasons for such failures include the low predictive power of in vivo studies, that is mainly caused by metabolic differences between humans and animals, and intraspecific variances. In addition to factors such as age and genetic background, changes in drug metabolism can also be caused by disease-related changes in the liver. Such metabolic changes have also been observed in clinical settings, for example, in association with a change in liver stiffness, a major characteristic of an altered fibrotic liver. For mimicking these changes in an in vitro model, this study aimed to develop scaffolds that represent the rigidity of healthy and fibrotic liver tissue. We observed that liver cells plated on scaffolds representing the stiffness of healthy livers showed a higher metabolic activity compared to cells plated on stiffer scaffolds. Additionally, we detected a positive effect of a scaffold pre-coated with fetal calf serum (FCS)-containing media. This pre-incubation resulted in increased cell adherence during cell seeding onto the scaffolds. In summary, we developed a scaffold-based 3D model that mimics liver stiffness-dependent changes in drug metabolism that may more easily predict drug interaction in diseased livers.
Design of a transverse controller for an autonomous driving model car based on the Stanley approach
(2020)
The Stanley approach is an established transverse controller
for autonomous vehicle’s to follow a desired reference
path accordingly. In this publication, functional extensions of
the Stanley algorithm are demonstrated. The resulting overall
lateral controller can be used for autonomous model cars
especially.