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Recently the production of electric cars is increasing worldwide. The main target is to lower the greenhouse gas emissions. Even if an electrified vehicle is locally emission-free the manufacturing of lithium ion batteries are producing significant amounts of CO2. In order to decrease the air pollution governments are considering recycling programs to extend battery life and usage of important raw materials. A new approach to recover LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) particles while saving the chemical and morphological properties using water was presented by Tim Sieber et al. [1]. With the presented study, we are focusing on the analysis of the effects on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the water based recycling process based on a reuse of NMC material in new batteries.
It is possible to reduce the ecological damage of the manufacturing process of Li-Ion battery cells even with little amounts of recovered cathode material that is used for the production of new battery cells. Based on the suggestion that 95% of the NMC cathode material can be recovered by the hydrometallurgical recovery and the reuse of 10% within the production of new batteries a reduction of the GWP by 7% ,can be identified for the cathode materials. For other impact categories such as Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), and Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP), savings of 10%, 11%, and 8 % can be achieved respectively.
The studied water based recycling process can be quoted as environment-friendly and leads to a reduction of all impact categories by a re-use of 10% recovered NMC material. Based on this knowledge an additional recycling on substance level is recommended.
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung eines robusten Positionsschätzers. Die Positionsschätzung findet für einen mobilen Roboter statt, welcher autonom einen Rundkurs abfährt.
Mithilfe des von Thrun et al. entwickelte FastSLAM Ansatz wird ein Konzept zur Filterung der Position entwickelt. Geeignete Umweltinformationen werden für die kontinuierliche Korrektur ermittelt und beschrieben. Für die Korrektur wird die Charakteristik der Rennstrecke genutzt.
Durch eine Validierung des Konzepts wird die Funktionalität gezeigt und ein Einblick in die erforderliche Rechenleistung gegeben.