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This document specifies a YANG model for TCP on devices that are configured by network management protocols. The YANG model defines a container for all TCP connections and groupings of some of the parameters that can be imported and used in TCP implementations or by other models that need to configure TCP parameters. The model includes definitions from YANG Groupings for TCP Client and TCP Servers (I-D.ietf-netconf-tcp-client-server). The model is NMDA (RFC
8342) compliant.
This document defines three YANG 1.1 [RFC7950] modules to support the configuration of TCP clients and TCP servers, either as standalone or in conjunction with a stack protocol layer specific configuration.
This thesis endeavours to show the connection between women’s rights and international social work.
The goal is to bring more awareness about women’s rights and international social work to the reader and offer an introduction and a brief overview to numerous essential terms and areas connected to women’s rights and international social work. The thesis has following four chapters: Theoretical Embedding, Political Framework, International Social Work and women’s human rights and Challenges – Case studies
Waste
(2020)
Laser powder-bed fusion has become one of the most important techniques in additive manufacturing. For guaranteeing the possibility of manufacturing highly specialized and advanced components, currently intensive research is carried out in this field. One area of this research is the material-specific macroscopic anisotropy, which is investigated in our work by comprehensive static mechanical experiments. The material which was tested within this study was the precipitation-hardenable AlSi10Mg alloy, with the focus on installation space orientation. Tensile and compression tests were performed, the results for the Young's modulus in compressive loading exceeded the previously known values of this material in tensile loading and achieved values of up to 79.8 GPa. As a result of this investigation, a chemical spectroscopic analysis was undertaken and from the actual chemical composition, a relative density of 99.86% of the samples was determined.
TCP Usage Guidance in the Internet of Things (IoT), draft-ietf-lwig-tcp-constrained-node-networks-13
(2020)
This document provides guidance on how to implement and use the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in Constrained-Node Networks(CNNs), which are a characteristic of the Internet of Things (IoT).Such environments require a lightweight TCP implementation and may not make use of optional functionality. This document explains a number of known and deployed techniques to simplify a TCP stack as well as corresponding tradeoffs. The objective is to help embedded
developers with decisions on which TCP features to use.
Systematic and user-oriented development of physical interface for vehicle ultrafast charging
(2022)
Our current mobility paradigm increasingly faces economic, ecological, and social limits in urban areas. The aim of this paper is to analyse if a fleet of shared autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) can meet these challenges while satisfying the current requirements of privately-owned internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Therefore, analytical models have been developed to simulate and investigate the impacts of mobility behaviour in Berlin and Stuttgart (Germany). The collected data were used to calculate the fleet size, the energy consumption, the emission of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and the carbon footprint of different shared AEVs in comparison with privately owned ICEVs. The approach shows that the system of a shared AEV fleet could lower externalities (accident avoidance, traffic jams, free spaces, parking costs and lifetime losses) in cities and generate cost benefits for customers.
The methodology of the approximation and interpretation of thermal desorption spectra (TDS) of hydrogen in some carbon nanostructures and graphite has been developed and applied for such materials.
The methodology is based on a definite approximation by the symmetrical Gaussians of the hydrogen thermal desorption spectra, obtained by using one single heating rate, for carbon materials and nanomaterials, and a definite processing of the Gaussians, in the approximation of the first-order reactions and the second-order ones. It results in determining (with a satisfactory accuracy, for the further physical analysis), from TDS data of one single heating rate, the activation energies and pre-exponential factors of the rate constants of desorption processes corresponding to the main TDS peaks with different temperatures of the maximum desorption rate. The developed methodology contains several successive steps of its implementation, including the use of several “criterions of truth” and the final verification and/or modification of the results, with the help of numerical modeling methods. This technique is not less informative, but much less time-consuming in experimental terms compared to the generally accepted classical Kissinger method, which demands using of several heating rates, and has strict limits of applicability. Furthermore, the methodology allows one to reveal physics and atomic mechanisms of the main desorption processes through thermodynamic analysis of the obtained peak characteristics and comparison with the corresponding independent experimental and theoretical data.
The purpose of such a methodology is to further reveal the weakly studied physics of the main states of hydrogen in carbon materials and nanomaterials, and not the thorough detailed mathematical description of the spectra. For this case, both the large difference and the large spread of the known experimental and theoretical values of the thermodynamic characteristics of the main desorption processes, important for hydrogen storage problems, are also taken into account.
We consider the mixed initial-boundary value problem in the context of the
Moore-Gibson-Thompson theory of thermoelasticity for dipolar bodies. We consider the case of heat conduction with dissipation. Even if the elasticity tensors
are not supposed to be positively defined, we have proven both, the uniqueness
and the instability of the solution of the mixed problem. In the case that the mass
density and the thermal conductivity tensor are positive, we obtain the uniqueness
of the solution using some Lagrange type identities.
Our study is dedicated to a composite, which, in fact, is a mixture of two thermoelastic micropolar bodies. We formulate the mixed initial boundary value problem in this context and define the domain of influence for given data. For any solution of the mixed problem we associate a measure and prove a second-order differential inequality for it. Based on the maximum principle for the heat equation and on the second-order differential inequality, we establish an estimate which proves that the thermal and the mechanical effects, at large distance from the domain of influence, are dominated by an exponential decay.
This paper describes the modelling, simulation and energy management of a fuel cell hybrid heavy-duty truck. For this purpose, a longitudinal dynamic model of a 26t truck was set up and the load requirement for the drive train was determined based on a driving cycle. To meet this load requirement as efficiently and dynamically as possible three different energy management strategies were implemented, tested and the impact on the overall system was analysed. In addition, the behaviour of the hybrid system with the various energy management strategies with different battery capacity is shown and analysed.
Background:
Glaucoma, a characteristic type of optic nerve degeneration in the posterior pole of the eye, is a common cause of irreversible vision loss and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. As an optic neuropathy, glaucoma is identified by increasing degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), with consequential vision loss. Current treatments only postpone the development of retinal degeneration, and there are as yet no treatments available for this disability. Recent studies have shown that replacing lost or damaged RGCs with healthy RGCs or RGC precursors, supported by appropriately designed bio-material scaffolds, could facilitate the development and enhancement of connections to ganglion cells and optic nerve axons. The consequence may be an improved retinal regeneration. This technique could also offer the possibility for retinal regeneration in treating other forms of optic nerve ailments through RGC replacement.
Methods:
In this brief review, we describe the innovations and recent developments in retinal regenerative medicine such as retinal organoids and gene therapy which are specific to glaucoma treatment and focus on the selection of appropriate bio-engineering principles, biomaterials and cell therapies that are presently employed in this growing research area.
Results:
Identification of optimal sources of cells, improving cell survival, functional integration upon transplantation, and developing techniques to deliver cells into the retinal space without provoking immune responses are the main challenges in retinal cell replacement therapies.
Conclusion:
The restoration of visual function in glaucoma patients by the RGC replacement therapies requires appropriate protocols and biotechnology methods. Tissue-engineered scaffolds, the generation of retinal organoids, and gene therapy may help to overcome some of the challenges in the generation of clinically safe RGCs.
This paper provides an analysis of the trend in autonomous driving traffic and the development of infrastructural support, whereas the requirements on the infrastructural support will be analyzed. Then selected traffic scenes will be implemented in an autonomous driving simulator tool in order to figure out the required parameters to assist the autonomous vehicle from the infrastructure.
Metal additive manufacturing of dental prostheses consisting of cobalt−chromium−tungsten (Co−Cr−W) alloys poses an alternative to investment casting. However, metal additive manufacturing processes like Laser Powder‐Bed Fusion (LPBF) can impact the elastic constants and the mechanical anisotropy of the resulting material. To investigate the phase compositions of mechanically different specimens in dependence of their postprocessing steps (e. g. heat treatment to relieve stress), the current study uses X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Electron BackScatter Diffraction (EBSD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for phase identification. Our studies connect plastic deformation of Remanium star CL alloy with the formation of the hexagonal ϵ‐phase and heat treatment with the formation of the D024‐phase, while partially explaining previously observed differences in Young's moduli.
This book contains the selected and peer-reviewed manuscripts that were presented in the Conferences on Multidisciplinary Engineering and Technology (COMET 2019), held at the University Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Spanish Institute (UniKL MSI), Kedah, Malaysia from September 18 to 19, 2019. The aim of COMET 2019 was to present current and on-going research being carried out in the field of mechanical, manufacturing, electrical and electronics and general studies for engineering and technology. Besides, this book also contains the manuscripts from the System Engineering and Energy Laboratory (SEELAB) research cluster, UniKL which is actively doing research mainly focused on artificial intelligence, metal air batteries, advanced battery materials and energy material modelling fields. This volume is the third edition of the progress in engineering technology, Advanced Structured Materials which provides in-depth ongoing research activities among academia of UniKL MSI. Lastly, it is hoped to foster cooperation among organisations and research in the covered fields.
The derivation and understanding of Partial Differential Equations relies heavily on the fundamental knowledge of the first years of scientific education, i.e., higher mathematics, physics, materials science, applied mechanics, design, and programming skills. Thus, it is a challenging topic for prospective engineers and scientists.
This volume provides a compact overview on the classical Partial Differential Equations of structural members in mechanics. It offers a formal way to uniformly describe these equations. All derivations follow a common approach: the three fundamental equations of continuum mechanics, i.e., the kinematics equation, the constitutive equation, and the equilibrium equation, are combined to construct the partial differential equations.
Optimized production strategy of the major capsid protein HPV 16L1 non-assembly variant in E. coli
(2020)
Optimization of EMI filter with consideration of the noise source impedance for DC/DC converter
(2021)
Development of environment-friendly natural fiber composites has been a recent trend. However, due to the fact that natural fibers permit high level of moisture absorption from the surroundings, it can lead to weak bindings and degradation of composite properties. This paper presents an experimental study on the dynamic performance of flax fiber composite beams manufactured at different relative humidity (RH) levels. Five types of flax fiber-reinforced composite materials were made under different RH values, i.e., dry, 35%, 50%, 70%, and 95% RH, and beam samples were prepared using the composite. Impact hammer testing was conducted to measure the natural frequencies and damping of the beams. It was found that for the first three modes, while the resonant frequencies are very close for most samples, there is a clear drop of frequencies for the composite fabricated at 95% RH. Along with an increase of the RH level, the damping ratios for all the three modes have reported a slight increase, but the variation is not significant.
In our study, we consider the linear mixed initial boundary value problem for a porous elastic body having a dipolar structure. The equations that describe the elastic dipolar deformations are coupled with the equations which describe the evolution of the voids by means of certain coefficients. Our main result proves the continuous dependence of solutions for the mixed problem with regard to the coefficients which perform this coupling. Using an adequate measure, we can evaluate the continuous dependence by means of some estimate regarding the gradient of deformations and the gradient of the function that describes the evolution of the voids.
The characteristics and atomic mechanisms (physics) of processes of thermal desorption of deuterium from isotropic graphite at temperatures 700–1700 K are considered.
OAFuser: Online Adaptive Extended Object Tracking and Fusion using automotive Radar Detections
(2020)
This paper presents the Online Adaptive Fuser: OAFuser, a novel method for online adaptive estimation of motion and measurement uncertainties for efficient tracking and fusion by applying a system of several estimators for ongoing noise along with the conventional state and state covariance estimation. In our system, process and measurement noises are estimated with steady-state filters to obtain combined measurement noise and process noise estimators for all sensors in order to obtain state estimation with a linear Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) estimator and accelerating the system’s performance. The proposed adaptive tracking and fusion system was tested based on high fidelity simulation data and several real-world scenarios for automotive radar, where ground truth data is available for evaluation. We demonstrate the proposed method’s accuracy and efficiency in a challenging, highly dynamic scenario where our system is benchmarked with Multiple Model filter in terms of error statistics and run time performance.
In this chapter, to investigate the tensile behavior of CNTs, finite element models of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in perfect and doped modes for common types of carbon nanotube (CNT) configuration, i.e., the armchair, zigzag, and chiral models, were generated using a commercial finite element software (MSC Marc). To create the computational models, nodes were placed at the locations of carbon atoms and the bonds between them were modeled using three-dimensional elastic generalized beam elements. Doped models were simulated by three different heteroatoms including silicon, nitrogen, and boron separately with the doping concentration ranging from 0 to 5%. Young’s moduli of all models were obtained and compared with the perfect structures. The results indicated that Young’s modulus of chiral SWCNTs is larger than the moduli of the armchair and zigzag SWCNTs in all models and incorporating the silicon and boron atoms into CNT led to a linear reduction in Young’s modulus which was most significant for silicon and less noticeable for boron. Regarding nitrogen doping, a different trend was observed that was a negligible and less conspicuous increment in the value of Young’s modulus by increasing the percentage of doping. Besides, this behavior was the same for all armchair, zigzag, and chiral configurations with the same dopant atom. The investigations also revealed that the structural irregularity and ripples, which are induced by dopant atoms, are a key factor which influences the tensile behavior of CNTs. Our results for Young’s modulus of doped CNTs are in good agreement with recent investigations.
This study aid on numerical optimization techniques is intended for university undergraduate and postgraduate mechanical engineering students. Optimization procedures are becoming more and more important for lightweight design, where weight reduction can, for example in the case of automotive or aerospace industry, lead to lower fuel consumption and a corresponding reduction in operational costs as well as beneficial effects on the environment. Based on the free computer algebra system Maxima, the authors present procedures for numerically solving problems in engineering mathematics as well as applications taken from traditional courses on the strength of materials. The mechanical theories focus on the typical one-dimensional structural elements, i.e., springs, bars, and Euler–Bernoulli beams, in order to reduce the complexity of the numerical framework and limit the resulting design to a low number of variables. The use of a computer algebra system and the incorporated functions, e.g., for derivatives or equation solving, allows a greater focus on the methodology of the optimization methods and not on standard procedures.
The book also provides numerous examples, including some that can be solved using a graphical approach to help readers gain a better understanding of the computer implementation.
Due to the good mechanical properties, flax fiber-reinforced epoxy composites
are being widely used as a green alternative to glass fiber composites. However,
plant fibers absorb moisture from the environment, being in a higher moisture
uptake as the relative humidity (RH) increases. This absorbed moisture deteriorates the mechanical properties of the composites. In this study, geometric
and displacement potential function (DPF) approaches are used to predict the
mechanical properties of flax fiber-reinforced epoxy composites under environmental conditions, in particular, different RH values. The tensile properties
that were measured experimentally strongly agreed with the analytical findings.
Almost similar results were found for the tensile strain those were measured
experimentally and the one predicted by the geometric function.
However, the predicted strain values were 38% and 42% less than the experimental ones for 0% and 95% RH conditioned composites, respectively, when
DPF was used. Good conformity between the experimental, analytical, and
DPF formulation for predicting mechanical properties ensures the practical
applicability of this study. The formulations established in this work could,
therefore, be utilized to analytically solve laminated composites under specific
boundary conditions in structural applications.
Interpretable neural networks based on continuous-valued logic and multicriteria decision operators
(2020)
Inside the “Sandbox”
(2022)