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Our current mobility paradigm increasingly faces economic, ecological, and social limits in urban areas. The aim of this paper is to analyse if a fleet of shared autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) can meet these challenges while satisfying the current requirements of privately-owned internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Therefore, analytical models have been developed to simulate and investigate the impacts of mobility behaviour in Berlin and Stuttgart (Germany). The collected data were used to calculate the fleet size, the energy consumption, the emission of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and the carbon footprint of different shared AEVs in comparison with privately owned ICEVs. The approach shows that the system of a shared AEV fleet could lower externalities (accident avoidance, traffic jams, free spaces, parking costs and lifetime losses) in cities and generate cost benefits for customers.
Jugendhilfeplanung
(2020)
Slips and stumbles are main causes of falls and result in serious injuries. Balance training is widely applied for preventing falls across the lifespan. Subdivided into two main intervention types, biomechanical characteristics differ amongst balance interventions tailored to counteract falls: conventional balance training (CBT) referring to a balance task with a static ledger pivoting around the ankle joint versus reactive balance training (RBT) using externally applied perturbations to deteriorate body equilibrium. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of reactive, slip-simulating RBT compared to CBT in regard to fall prevention and to detect neuromuscular and kinematic dependencies. In a randomized controlled trial, 38 participants were randomly allocated either to CBT or RBT. To simulate stumbling scenarios, postural responses were assessed to posterior translations in gait and stance perturbation before and after 4 weeks of training. Surface electromyography during short- (SLR), medium- (MLR), and long-latency response of shank and thigh muscles as well as ankle, knee, and hip joint kinematics (amplitudes and velocities) were recorded. Both training modalities revealed reduced angular velocity in the ankle joint (P < 0.05) accompanied by increased shank muscle activity in SLR (P < 0.05) during marching in place perturbation. During stance perturbation and marching in place perturbation, hip angular velocity was decreased after RBT (P from TTEST, Pt < 0.05) accompanied by enhanced thigh muscle activity (SLR, MLR) after both trainings (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were larger for the RBT-group during stance perturbation. Thus, both interventions revealed modified stabilization strategies for reactive balance recovery after surface translations. Characterized by enhanced reflex activity in the leg muscles antagonizing the surface translations, balance training is associated with improved neuromuscular timing and accuracy being relevant for postural control. This may result in more efficient segmental stabilization during fall risk situations, independent of the intervention modality. More pronounced modulations and higher effect sizes after RBT in stance perturbation point toward specificity of training adaptations, with an emphasis on the proximal body segment for RBT. Outcomes underline the benefits of balance training with a clear distinction between RBT and CBT being relevant for training application over the lifespan.
untitled document
(2020)
Die Bedeutung der Digitalisierung für Berufliche Bildung und Fachkräftesicherung in der Pflege
(2020)
Zum Beispiel Pflege – Fragen an den arbeitssoziologischen Topos der Subjektivierung von Arbeit
(2020)
Lasst uns nicht alleine!
(2020)
Partner oder Konkurrenten? Die Automotive-Branche auf der Suche nach neuen Kooperationsstrategien
(2020)
Interpretable neural networks based on continuous-valued logic and multicriteria decision operators
(2020)
A number of planetary boundaries, including climate change as a result of greenhouse gas emissions, has already been exceeded. This situation has deleterious consequences for public health. Paradoxically, 4.4% of these emissions are attributable to the healthcare sector. These problems have not been sufficiently acknowledged in health professions curricula. This paper addresses two main issues, humanistic learning and the application of knowledge acquisition to clinical practice. Humanistic learning principles can be used to emphasize learner-centered approaches, including knowledge acquisition and reflection to increase self-awareness. Applying humanistic principles in everyday life and clinical practice can encourage stewardship, assisting students to become agents for change. In terms of knowledge and skills application to clinical practice, an overview of varied and novel approaches of how sustainable education can be integrated at different stages of training across several health care professions is provided. The Health and Environment Adaptive Response Taskforce (HEART) platform as an example of creating empowered learners, the NurSusTOOLKIT, a multi-disciplinary collaboration offering free adaptable educational resources for educators and the Greener Anaesthesia and Sustainability Project (GASP), an example of bridging the transition to clinical practice, are described.
Tagespflege in Bewegung
(2020)
Power-to-Heat
(2020)
Plötzlich digital!?
(2020)
Waste
(2020)
Comparing multidimensional sensor data from vehicle fleets with methods of sequential data mining
(2020)
Optimized production strategy of the major capsid protein HPV 16L1 non-assembly variant in E. coli
(2020)
Innovation und Qualität
(2020)
Analyse der Wirksamkeit des Harninkontinenzmanagements in einer geriatrischen Rehabilitationsklinik
(2020)
This paper uses several techniques to monitor the ageing of commercial LiFePO4 cells, which are cycled at 55 °C and −20 °C at various depths of discharge. Ageing at lower depth of discharge leads to higher capacity fading, as compared to higher depth of discharge. The highest capacity fading is observed using 50% depth of discharge for cycling at 55 °C, while the lowest capacity fading is observed for the cells aged at 100% depth of discharge when cycled at −20 °C. Using incremental capacity analysis and differential voltage analysis the capacity fading is monitored and underlying ageing mechanisms are described. The loss of lithium inventory and the loss of active material, especially on the cathode side, are the major degradation mechanisms for the cells. The first incremental capacity analysis peak of the discharge process can be used in our case to predict remaining life and cell capacity.
Diese Arbeit stellt einen Lösungsansatz
für das Erstellen einer Karte für autonome Systeme auf Grundlage von Objekten mit Lebenspunkten vor. Dafür werden von
den Sensoren erfasste Punkte mit einem DBSCAN verarbeitet,
um zusammenhängende Cluster zu finden. Diese Cluster werden
mit Lebenspunkten versehen, welche die Existenzplausibilität
widerspiegeln.
The paper presents post-mortem analysis of commercial LiFePO4 battery cells, which are aged at 55 °C and − 20 °C using dynamic current profiles and different depth of discharges (DOD). Post-mortem analysis focuses on the structure of the electrodes using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the chemical composition changes using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that ageing at lower DOD results in higher capacity fading compared to higher DOD cycling. The anode surface aged at 55 °C forms a dense cover on the graphite flakes, while at the anode surface aged at − 20 °C lithium plating and LiF crystals are observed. As expected, Fe dissolution from the cathode and deposition on the anode are observed for the ageing performed at 55 °C, while Fe dissolution and deposition are not observed at − 20 °C. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the surface conductivity is examined, which shows only minor degradation for the cathodes aged at − 20 °C. The cathodes aged at 55 °C exhibit micrometer size agglomerates of nanometer particles on the cathode surface. The results indicate that cycling at higher SOC ranges is more detrimental and low temperature cycling mainly affects the anode by the formation of plated Li.
Drug-induced liver toxicity is one of the most common reasons for the failure of drugs in clinical trials and frequent withdrawal from the market. Reasons for such failures include the low predictive power of in vivo studies, that is mainly caused by metabolic differences between humans and animals, and intraspecific variances. In addition to factors such as age and genetic background, changes in drug metabolism can also be caused by disease-related changes in the liver. Such metabolic changes have also been observed in clinical settings, for example, in association with a change in liver stiffness, a major characteristic of an altered fibrotic liver. For mimicking these changes in an in vitro model, this study aimed to develop scaffolds that represent the rigidity of healthy and fibrotic liver tissue. We observed that liver cells plated on scaffolds representing the stiffness of healthy livers showed a higher metabolic activity compared to cells plated on stiffer scaffolds. Additionally, we detected a positive effect of a scaffold pre-coated with fetal calf serum (FCS)-containing media. This pre-incubation resulted in increased cell adherence during cell seeding onto the scaffolds. In summary, we developed a scaffold-based 3D model that mimics liver stiffness-dependent changes in drug metabolism that may more easily predict drug interaction in diseased livers.
Electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) is a powerful atomic force microscopy (AFM) mode for the investigation of ion dynamics and activities in energy storage materials. Here we compare the changes in commercial LiFePO4 cathodes due to ageing and its influence on the measured ESM signal. Additionally, the ESM signal dynamics are analysed to generate characteristic time constants of the diffusion process, induced by a dc-voltage pulse, which changes the ionic concentration in the material volume under the AFM tip. The ageing of the cathode is found to be governed by a decrease of the electrochemical activity and the loss of available lithium for cycling, which can be stored in the cathode.
Die Perspektive wechseln
(2020)
Mithilfe des Konzepts der gesundheitlichen Versorgungsplanung – auch als Advance Care Planning (ACP) oder „Behandlung im Voraus planen“ (BVP) bekannt – sollen Behandlungsziele fest gelegt werden, und zwar für den Fall, dass der Betroffene seinen Willen nicht äußern kann. Neben der individuellen Gesprächsbegleitung spielen in diesem Zusammenhang auch Fall- besprechungen eine wichtige Rolle. Diese sind zwar gesetzlich vorgesehen, jedoch fehlt bislang eine einheitliche Struktur, an der sich Fachkräfte in der Praxis orientieren können.