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Aufgrund der expliziten Verankerung der Lernkompetenz im Ausbildungsziel des in 2017 verabschiedeten Pflegeberufereformgesetzes sind die Lehrenden gefordert, die Lernkompetenzentwicklung in die berufliche Pflegeausbildung zu integrieren. Für diese Phase des lebenslangen Lernprozesses bedarf es ein bildungswissenschaftlich fundiertes Konzept, das auf lern- und kompetenztheoretischen Erkenntnissen basiert und zugleich vorliegende Forschungsergebnisse zur systematischen Analyse und Förderung der Lernkompetenz aus der beruflichen Bildung berücksichtigt. Das entwickelte und hier dargestellte Konzept mit intentionaler, inhaltlicher und methodischer Ausrichtung leistet einen Beitrag zur Lernkompetenzentwicklung von Auszubildenden und kann in Pflegebildungseinrichtungen implementiert und evaluiert werden.
The wide range of factors contributing to wind resource assessment accuracy in complex terrain
(2022)
Background:
Glaucoma, a characteristic type of optic nerve degeneration in the posterior pole of the eye, is a common cause of irreversible vision loss and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. As an optic neuropathy, glaucoma is identified by increasing degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), with consequential vision loss. Current treatments only postpone the development of retinal degeneration, and there are as yet no treatments available for this disability. Recent studies have shown that replacing lost or damaged RGCs with healthy RGCs or RGC precursors, supported by appropriately designed bio-material scaffolds, could facilitate the development and enhancement of connections to ganglion cells and optic nerve axons. The consequence may be an improved retinal regeneration. This technique could also offer the possibility for retinal regeneration in treating other forms of optic nerve ailments through RGC replacement.
Methods:
In this brief review, we describe the innovations and recent developments in retinal regenerative medicine such as retinal organoids and gene therapy which are specific to glaucoma treatment and focus on the selection of appropriate bio-engineering principles, biomaterials and cell therapies that are presently employed in this growing research area.
Results:
Identification of optimal sources of cells, improving cell survival, functional integration upon transplantation, and developing techniques to deliver cells into the retinal space without provoking immune responses are the main challenges in retinal cell replacement therapies.
Conclusion:
The restoration of visual function in glaucoma patients by the RGC replacement therapies requires appropriate protocols and biotechnology methods. Tissue-engineered scaffolds, the generation of retinal organoids, and gene therapy may help to overcome some of the challenges in the generation of clinically safe RGCs.